Bite Back: A Nurse Practitioner’s Guide to Insect Bite Prevention

Whether you're spending time at the park, camping, or just playing in the backyard, insect bites are a common warm-weather concern for families. While most bites are harmless and only cause minor irritation, some can transmit diseases like Lyme disease, West Nile virus, or Zika virus. As a nurse practitioner, I frequently counsel parents and caregivers on how to protect children—and themselves—from insect bites safely and effectively.

Here’s what you need to know about preventing insect bites and enjoying the outdoors worry-free.

Common Insects That Bite or Sting

Insect bites or stings may come from:

• Mosquitoes – potential carriers of West Nile, Zika, or malaria (depending on region)

• Ticks – can transmit Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

• Fleas – more common with pets, can cause itching and rashes

• Bees and wasps – may cause allergic reactions in some people

• Chiggers and mites – cause intense itching and skin irritation

Top Tips for Insect Bite Prevention

1. Use Insect Repellent Safely

• Repellents are one of the most effective tools for preventing bites. When choosing a repellent:

• Look for EPA-registered products with DEET, picaridin, IR3535, oil of lemon eucalyptus, or permethrin (for clothing only).

• DEET up to 30% is safe and effective for children over 2 months of age.

• Avoid applying repellent to hands, eyes, mouth, or broken skin.

• Spray repellents on your hands first, then apply to your child’s face if needed.

• Tip: Always follow the product instructions for age guidelines and reapplication timing.

2. Dress Smart

• Wear long sleeves, pants, socks, and closed-toe shoes when outdoors.

• Light-colored clothing makes it easier to spot ticks.

• Consider permethrin-treated clothing or gear, especially for hiking or camping.

3. Avoid Peak Bug Times and Places

• Mosquitoes are most active during dawn and dusk.

• Avoid areas with standing water, which serve as mosquito breeding grounds.

• Stay on cleared trails and avoid tall grasses and brush to reduce tick exposure.

4. Create a Bug-Safe Home Environment

• Use window screens and keep doors closed.

• Eliminate standing water from buckets, planters, bird baths, and gutters.

• Use fans on patios—mosquitoes struggle in windy conditions.

• Keep grass mowed and bushes trimmed to reduce tick habitats.

After-Outdoor Safety: Tick Checks and Bathing

After outdoor play or hikes:

• Perform a full body check for ticks—especially underarms, behind ears, knees, and scalp.

• Shower or bathe within two hours to help wash away ticks.

• Tumble dry clothes on high heat to kill any lingering insects.

When to Seek Medical Advice?

Contact your healthcare provider if:

• A bite becomes red, swollen, or painful after several days.

• You notice a bullseye rash, fever, or fatigue after a tick bite.

• Your child has signs of a severe allergic reaction: difficulty breathing, hives, or swelling of the lips or face.

• A known tick bite occurred and you’re unsure about next steps.

Natural Options: Do They Work?

Some parents prefer natural repellents. While oil of lemon eucalyptus is considered effective and safe for children over 3 years old, many essential oils (like citronella or lavender) are not regulated and less reliable for long-lasting protection.

Always test a small patch on your child’s skin and consult with your healthcare provider before using natural products.

Final Thoughts

Preventing insect bites isn’t just about avoiding discomfort, it’s an important step in protecting your child’s health. With the right combination of repellent, clothing, and environmental awareness, your family can enjoy outdoor activities with greater peace of mind.

As a nurse practitioner, I encourage you to make insect protection part of your routine—just like sunscreen and seat belts. It’s a small step that makes a big difference.